the effects of nitrogen levels and intercropping pattern on forage yield and competition indices of barley (hordeum vulgare) and pea (pisum sativum)

نویسندگان

علی نخ زری مقدم

عضو هیات علمی/ دانشگاه گنبد کاووس علی راحمی کاریزکی

عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه گنبد کاووس

چکیده

background and objectivesintercropping or simultaneous growing of two or more crops on the same piece of land has the potential of enhanced ecosystem productivity. in a cereal-legume intercropping system, an increase in cereal and a decrease in legume intercrop yield is reported. several indices such as land equivalent ratio (ler), relative crowding coefficient (k), competitive ratio (cr), aggressivity (a), actual yield loss (ayl) and intercropping advantage (ia) will be used to describe the competition and the economic advantage in intercropping. the objectives was to study the effect of nitrogen fertilizer and intercropping pattern on forage yield and competition indices of land equivalent ratio, relative crowding coefficient, aggressivity, competitive ratio, actual yield loss, intercropping advantage, equivalent yield and system productivity index.matherials and methodsthis experiment was arranged as factorial layout based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of gonbad kavous university during growing season of 2011- 2012. two factors were five planting patterns including monoculture of barley, 25, 50 and 75% pea replacement of barley and monoculture of pea and four nitrogen levels of control and 25, 50 and 75 kg n ha-1. sowing date was 29 novebber 2011 and plants harvested at 26 april 2012. the traits were forage dry yield and indices of land equivalent ratio, relative crowding coefficient, aggressivity, competitive ratio, actual yield loss, intercropping advantage, barley equivalent yield of pea and system productivity index. for analysis variance of data software of sas ver.9.1.3 were used and treatment mean differences were separated by the least significant difference (lsd) test at the 0.05 probability level.resultsthe results showed that monoculture of barley had maximum forage yield with 17.16 ton ha-1. by reducing for barley in intercropping ratio, forage yield was reduced so that minimum yield obtained from 25% barley + 75% pea with 9.62 ton ha-1. monoculture of pea had minimum yield with 6.71 ton ha-1. forage yield increased by increasing of nitrogen consumption. land equivalent ratio for total intercropping ratios were less than 1, this indicated that intercropped barley with pea was not suitable. relative crowding coefficient, competitive ratio and aggressivity for barley in intercropping ratios were greater than pea. intercropping had not economic benefit.conclusionforage yield and barley equivalent yield in monoculture of barley and intercrop treatments was greater than pea. nitrogen consumption increased forage yield and barley equivalent yield. land equivalent ratio, relative crowding coefficient, aggressivity, competitive ratio and intercropping advantage in barley was better than pea. actual yield loss in barley was positive and in pea was negative. system productivity y index in 25% instead of barley was higher than two other intercropping treatments.

برای دانلود باید عضویت طلایی داشته باشید

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

effects of nitrogen and different intercropping arrangements of barley (hordeum vulgare l.) and pea (pisum sativum l.) on forage yield and competitive indices

introduction intercropping, the agricultural practice of cultivating two or more crops in the same space at the same time, is an old and commonly used cropping practice which aims to match efficiently crop demands to the available growth resources (agegnehu et al., 2006; dhima et al., 2007). intercropping of chickpea with linseed reduced the chickpea yield by 60.3%, although linseed occupied on...

متن کامل

effect of seed priming and irrigation regimes on yield,yield components and quality of safflowers cultivars

این مطالعه در سال 1386-87 در آزمایشگاه و مزرعه پژوهشی دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان به منظور تعیین مناسب ترین تیمار بذری و ارزیابی اثر پرایمینگ بر روی سه رقم گلرنگ تحت سه رژیم آبیاری انجام گرفت. برخی از مطالعات اثرات سودمند پرایمینگ بذر را بر روی گیاهان مختلف بررسی کرده اند اما در حال حاضر اطلاعات کمی در مورد خصوصیات مربوط به جوانه زنی، مراحل نموی، عملکرد و خصوصیات کمی و کیفی بذور تیمار شده ژنوتیپ های م...

the effects of planning on accuracy and complexity of iranian efl students’ written narrative task performance

this study compared the different effects of form-focused guided planning vs. meaning-focused guided planning on iranian pre-intermediate students’ task performance. the study lasted for three weeks and concentrated on eight english structures. forty five pre-intermediate iranian students were randomly assigned to three groups of guided planning focus-on-form group (gpfg), guided planning focus...

15 صفحه اول

the effects of previewing and providing background knowledge on iranian university efl learners’ comprehension of literary and academic texts

abstract poor reading comprehension can result in failure in using references, benefiting from professional gatherings and resources, keeping up with the growing body of knowledge in the virtual world of the internet, and failing to achieve in efl programs. the purpose of the present quasi-experimental study was to explore the effects of background knowledge and previewing narrative and expos...

15 صفحه اول

the effects of time planning and task complexity on accuracy of narrative task performance

هدف اصلی این تحقیق بررسی تاثیر برنامه ریزی زمانی، هم چنین افزایش میزان پیچیدگی تکالیف در نظر گرفته شده بصورت همزمان، بر دقت و صحت و پیچیدگی عملکرد نوشتاری زبان آموزان می باشد. بدین منظور، 50 نفر از دانش آموزان دختر در رده ی سنی 16 الی 18 سال به عنوان شرکت کنندگان در این زمینه ی تحقیق در نظر گرفته شدند و به دو گروه آزمایشی و کنترل بصورت اتفاقی تقسیم شدند. اعضای گروه آزمایشی هر دو تکلیف ساده و پی...

study the effects of low level laser diode on no production and healing of diabetic and cortisone acetate and normal wounded sd rats

nitric oxide (no) is a small molecule synthesized by most of mammalian cells with diverse biological activities including vasodilatation, host defense and wound healing. impaired wound healing is a common occurrence among diabetics and patients receiving glucocorticoid therapy. on the other hand the application of laser in biomedical area have been increased. thus, the current studies were desi...

15 صفحه اول

منابع من

با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید


عنوان ژورنال:
تولید گیاهان زراعی

جلد ۹، شماره ۱، صفحات ۱۹۹-۲۱۴

کلمات کلیدی
[ ' b a c k g r o u n d a n d o b j e c t i v e s i n t e r c r o p p i n g o r s i m u l t a n e o u s g r o w i n g o f t w o o r m o r e c r o p s o n t h e s a m e p i e c e o f l a n d h a s t h e p o t e n t i a l o f e n h a n c e d e c o s y s t e m p r o d u c t i v i t y . i n a c e r e a l ' , ' l e g u m e i n t e r c r o p p i n g s y s t e m ' , ' a n i n c r e a s e i n c e r e a l a n d a d e c r e a s e i n l e g u m e i n t e r c r o p y i e l d i s r e p o r t e d . s e v e r a l i n d i c e s s u c h a s l a n d e q u i v a l e n t r a t i o ( l e r ) ' , ' r e l a t i v e c r o w d i n g c o e f f i c i e n t ( k ) ' , ' c o m p e t i t i v e r a t i o ( c r ) ' , ' a g g r e s s i v i t y ( a ) ' , ' a c t u a l y i e l d l o s s ( a y l ) a n d i n t e r c r o p p i n g a d v a n t a g e ( i a ) w i l l b e u s e d t o d e s c r i b e t h e c o m p e t i t i o n a n d t h e e c o n o m i c a d v a n t a g e i n i n t e r c r o p p i n g . t h e o b j e c t i v e s w a s t o s t u d y t h e e f f e c t o f n i t r o g e n f e r t i l i z e r a n d i n t e r c r o p p i n g p a t t e r n o n f o r a g e y i e l d a n d c o m p e t i t i o n i n d i c e s o f l a n d e q u i v a l e n t r a t i o ' , ' r e l a t i v e c r o w d i n g c o e f f i c i e n t ' , ' a g g r e s s i v i t y ' , ' c o m p e t i t i v e r a t i o ' , ' a c t u a l y i e l d l o s s ' , ' i n t e r c r o p p i n g a d v a n t a g e ' , ' e q u i v a l e n t y i e l d a n d s y s t e m p r o d u c t i v i t y i n d e x . m a t h e r i a l s a n d m e t h o d s t h i s e x p e r i m e n t w a s a r r a n g e d a s f a c t o r i a l l a y o u t b a s e d o n a r a n d o m i z e d c o m p l e t e b l o c k d e s i g n w i t h t h r e e r e p l i c a t i o n s a t t h e r e s e a r c h f a r m o f g o n b a d k a v o u s u n i v e r s i t y d u r i n g g r o w i n g s e a s o n o f 2 0 1 1 ' , ' 2 0 1 2 . t w o f a c t o r s w e r e f i v e p l a n t i n g p a t t e r n s i n c l u d i n g m o n o c u l t u r e o f b a r l e y ' , 2 5 , ' 5 0 a n d 7 5 % p e a r e p l a c e m e n t o f b a r l e y a n d m o n o c u l t u r e o f p e a a n d f o u r n i t r o g e n l e v e l s o f c o n t r o l a n d 2 5 ' , ' 5 0 a n d 7 5 k g n h a ' , ' 1 . s o w i n g d a t e w a s 2 9 n o v e b b e r 2 0 1 1 a n d p l a n t s h a r v e s t e d a t 2 6 a p r i l 2 0 1 2 . t h e t r a i t s w e r e f o r a g e d r y y i e l d a n d i n d i c e s o f l a n d e q u i v a l e n t r a t i o ' , ' r e l a t i v e c r o w d i n g c o e f f i c i e n t ' , ' a g g r e s s i v i t y ' , ' c o m p e t i t i v e r a t i o ' , ' a c t u a l y i e l d l o s s ' , ' i n t e r c r o p p i n g a d v a n t a g e ' , ' b a r l e y e q u i v a l e n t y i e l d o f p e a a n d s y s t e m p r o d u c t i v i t y i n d e x . f o r a n a l y s i s v a r i a n c e o f d a t a s o f t w a r e o f s a s v e r . 9 . 1 . 3 w e r e u s e d a n d t r e a t m e n t m e a n d i f f e r e n c e s w e r e s e p a r a t e d b y t h e l e a s t s i g n i f i c a n t d i f f e r e n c e ( l s d ) t e s t a t t h e 0 . 0 5 p r o b a b i l i t y l e v e l . r e s u l t s t h e r e s u l t s s h o w e d t h a t m o n o c u l t u r e o f b a r l e y h a d m a x i m u m f o r a g e y i e l d w i t h 1 7 . 1 6 t o n h a ' , ' 1 . b y r e d u c i n g f o r b a r l e y i n i n t e r c r o p p i n g r a t i o ' , ' f o r a g e y i e l d w a s r e d u c e d s o t h a t m i n i m u m y i e l d o b t a i n e d f r o m 2 5 % b a r l e y + 7 5 % p e a w i t h 9 . 6 2 t o n h a ' , ' 1 . m o n o c u l t u r e o f p e a h a d m i n i m u m y i e l d w i t h 6 . 7 1 t o n h a ' , ' 1 . f o r a g e y i e l d i n c r e a s e d b y i n c r e a s i n g o f n i t r o g e n c o n s u m p t i o n . l a n d e q u i v a l e n t r a t i o f o r t o t a l i n t e r c r o p p i n g r a t i o s w e r e l e s s t h a n 1 ' , ' t h i s i n d i c a t e d t h a t i n t e r c r o p p e d b a r l e y w i t h p e a w a s n o t s u i t a b l e . r e l a t i v e c r o w d i n g c o e f f i c i e n t ' , ' c o m p e t i t i v e r a t i o a n d a g g r e s s i v i t y f o r b a r l e y i n i n t e r c r o p p i n g r a t i o s w e r e g r e a t e r t h a n p e a . i n t e r c r o p p i n g h a d n o t e c o n o m i c b e n e f i t . c o n c l u s i o n f o r a g e y i e l d a n d b a r l e y e q u i v a l e n t y i e l d i n m o n o c u l t u r e o f b a r l e y a n d i n t e r c r o p t r e a t m e n t s w a s g r e a t e r t h a n p e a . n i t r o g e n c o n s u m p t i o n i n c r e a s e d f o r a g e y i e l d a n d b a r l e y e q u i v a l e n t y i e l d . l a n d e q u i v a l e n t r a t i o ' , ' r e l a t i v e c r o w d i n g c o e f f i c i e n t ' , ' a g g r e s s i v i t y ' , ' c o m p e t i t i v e r a t i o a n d i n t e r c r o p p i n g a d v a n t a g e i n b a r l e y w a s b e t t e r t h a n p e a . a c t u a l y i e l d l o s s i n b a r l e y w a s p o s i t i v e a n d i n p e a w a s n e g a t i v e . s y s t e m p r o d u c t i v i t y y i n d e x i n 2 5 % i n s t e a d o f b a r l e y w a s h i g h e r t h a n t w o o t h e r i n t e r c r o p p i n g t r e a t m e n t s . ' ]

میزبانی شده توسط پلتفرم ابری doprax.com

copyright © 2015-2023